When was charles i executed

Martin Luther King, Jr. King was relatively On January 30, , Jujiro Matsuda forms Toyo Cork Kogyo, a business that makes cork, in Hiroshima, Japan; just over a decade later the company produces its first automobile and eventually changes its name to Mazda. Today, Mazda is known for its affordable, Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, the political and spiritual leader of the Indian independence movement, is assassinated in New Delhi by a Hindu extremist.

On January 30, , the American speed skater Dan Jansen sets a new world record of Born in in Wisconsin, Jansen had been the youngest skater to compete at the Winter Olympics in Sarajevo, where he Roosevelt grew up the only child in an upper middle-class family in Hyde Park, New York.

He graduated from Harvard in and later received a degree from Columbia Law School. In , Roosevelt married Sign up now to learn about This Day in History straight from your inbox. On January 30, , Andrew Jackson becomes the first American president to experience an assassination attempt. Richard Lawrence, an unemployed house painter, approached Jackson as he left a congressional funeral held in the House chamber of the Capitol building and shot at Once they had removed him, however, they could see no alternative to removing the monarchy itself, as they did in hesitantly worded legislation.

Because the House of Lords would not sanction the trial of the king, it too had to be abolished. The remainder of the House of Commons, the sole remnant of the ancient constitution, claimed sovereign power, which it held under the army's shadow.

It claimed to hold authority as the representative of the people, but the people neither were nor wished to be represented by it. The following 11 years of kingless rule produced a series of improvised constitutional experiments, none of them striking roots in national affection and all of them destroyed by the army's dissatisfaction with the regimes it had set up.

The public mind learned to associate the principle that tyrants should be brought to account with military rule and sectarian anarchy. The Restoration of Charles II in was greeted with a popular rejoicing that revealed the widespread hatred of Puritan rule.

The restored monarchy exploited that sentiment and kept it alive. Signatories of Charles I's death warrant were dragged through the streets to hideous executions at Charing Cross or Tyburn. Cromwell's corpse was exhumed from Westminster Abbey and exposed on a pole to public derision. The date January 30th was set aside for perpetual lamentation in the calendar of the Church of England, which required congregations to acknowledge God's mercy in freeing the land 'from the unnatural rebellion, usurpation and tyranny of ungodly and cruel men, and from the sad confusions and ruin thereupon ensuing'.

In each church the minister was either to read from official homilies against disobedience to kings or 'preach a sermon of his own composing against the same argument'. In the later 17th century, Tories turned January 30th into what their enemies called a 'general madding-day', on which seditious doctrines were excoriated. Sermons recalling Charles's execution would arouse annual excitement and debate until far into the 18th century and denunciations of the regicide would survive in the Church's liturgy until far into the 19th.

The great battles of Tory and Whig, and then of Tory and Liberal, turned on memories of the Civil Wars to an extent that can startle our own time, when politics have become so much less politically and historically informed. Until the Victorian age, when the balance of public sympathy swung in favour of the Roundhead cause, the Tories won the argument.

Mainstream Whigs were as eager to bury the memory of the regicide as Tories were to preserve it. Though their own programme was, in fact, close to that of the parliamentarians of , the Whigs found their historical pedigree tainted by the coup of Yet on the radical fringe of the Whig party there were brave spirits who answered the Tories back. In the s the deist John Toland and others portrayed the overthrow of James II in as a missed opportunity to reassert the principles of In the midth century the regicide was commemorated by writers led by the antiquary Thomas Hollis, who commemorated 'that famous piece of justice,' in which 'we have great cause to rejoice'.

He financed the publications of handsomely produced books saluting the event and exported them to the European mainland. He also sent them to America, where they may have had a more profound influence than in England. Hollis' endeavours were heightened by the accession in of George III, who in the early years of his reign was widely seen as another Charles I in the making. Enthusiasts for the regicide chose their ground carefully.

They distanced themselves from the biblical zeal of Charles's judges, which with the decline of Puritanism had come to look like seditious cant.

He laid his neck on the block and stretched forth his hands as a signal to the axeman that he was ready. The spectators, some who had watched in approval and some in dismay, were quickly dispersed by officials.

A week later the monarchy was officially abolished. Among the bystanders he seems to have been in the Republican camp. Although the occasion pre-dated his diary by some eleven years, the few tantalising words Pepys wrote in his journal, after being reminded of the event by an old school friend, make it clear where his loyalties had been that day:. Now, basking in the glow and opportunity of Restoration London, it was wise for Pepys to keep quiet about those Republican sympathies.

Charles I, after Sir Anthony van Dyck, 17th century. Visit us. Queen's House. Plan your visit. Top things to do. Icons: The Armada Portrait.